![frozen orbit frozen orbit](https://img.ev01.to/xxrz/250x400/183/2e/cb/2ecb3b5e518dc5fa0efcaba0f6926986/2ecb3b5e518dc5fa0efcaba0f6926986.jpg)
The main contribution to the drag results from the gravitational pull of the overdensity region trailing the satellite's path, since the stellar response to the external perturbation remains correlated over a time shorter than the typical orbital period. Results from this coupled approach are applicable to a vast range of astrophysical problems, from galaxies in galaxy clusters to small satellites of individual galaxies. Sizes, masses, orbital energies, and eccentricities are chosen as expected in hierarchical clustering models for the formation of structures. The N-body simulations follow the evolution of both rigid and live satellites within larger systems. The analytical approach includes the effects of the gravitational wake, the tidal deformation, and the shift of the barycenter of the primary, thereby unifying the local and global interpretations of dynamical friction.
![frozen orbit frozen orbit](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/inIz3MGuCkQ/maxresdefault.jpg)
Abstract: The evolution of a small satellite inside a more massive truncated isothermal spherical halo is studied using both the theory of linear response for dynamical friction and N-body simulations.